Exhaustion of CD8 T cell immune functions in spleen of mice with different doses of Echinococcus multilocularis infections / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

ObjectiveTo examine the changes in the immune functions of CD8+ T cells in the spleen of mice following Echinococcus multilocularis infections at various doses and at different time points. MethodsThe E. multilocularis protoscoleces were collected, and E. multilocularis infection was modeled in mice via the hepatic portal vein at doses of 50 (low-dose), 500 (medium-dose) and 2 000 protoscoleces (high-dose), while physiological saline served as controls. Mouse spleen was isolated 2 (earlystage), 12 (middle-stage) and 24 weeks post-infection (late-stage), and spleen lymphocytes were harvested. The phenotype of memory CD8+ T cells and 2B4 expression were quantified in the mouse spleen, and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-10 was measured. Results A central-memory phenotype was predominant in the CD8+ T cells in the spleen of mice at the early stage of high-dose protoscolece infections, and the proportion of central-memory CD8+ T cells was significantly greater in the high-dose group than in the control group (35.50% ± 2.00% vs. 25.90% ± 2.46%, P < 0.01), while a effector- memory phenotype was predominant in the CD8+ T cells in the spleen of mice at the late stage of medium- and high-dose protoscolece infections, and the proportions of effector-memory CD8+ T cells were significantly greater in the medium- (25.70% ± 4.12%) and high-dose group (28.40% ± 4.12%) than in the control group (10.50% ± 6.45%) (P < 0.05). The proportions of the central-memory CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the high-dose group than at middle and late stages than at the early stage (P < 0.01), and the proportion of effector-memory CD8+ T cells was significantly greater in the high-dose group at the late stage than at early and middle stages (P < 0.05). The secretion of IFN-γ and IL-17A by spleen CD8+ T cells was elevated in the low- and medium-dose groups at the early stage of infection, and high-dose protoscolece infection promoted the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by spleen CD8+ T cells; however, the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly lower at the late stage than at the early and middle stages (P < 0.05). In addition, high 2B4 expression was detected in spleen CD8+ T cells in the middle- and high-dose groups at the late stage of infection, and the 2B4 expression was significantly higher in the medium(4.73% ± 1.56%) and high-dose groups (4.94% ± 1.90%) than in the low-dose group (2.49% ± 0.58%) and the control group (2.92% ± 0.60%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions E. multilocularis may be killed and eliminated through the host immune responses at the middle and late stages of low- and medium-dose protoscolece infections, while high-dose protoscolece infections may trigger the upregulation of 2B4 expression in mouse spleen CD8+ T cells at the late stage, which leads to immune exhaustion and the resultant chronic infections.

Effect of electroacupuncture on expression of GABA receptor mRNA in different brain regions in rats with chronic inflammatory pain / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in different brain regions of the central nervous system in chronic inflammatory pain rats and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture (EA).@*METHODS@#A total of 48 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank control group, a model control group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 12 rats in each group. The model of chronic inflammatory pain was established by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant into the foot. The EA group was treated with EA 28 days after the model establishment. The "Housanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) were selected and treated with dilatational wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 0.5-1.5 mA for 30 min; EA was given only once. In the sham EA group, the same acupoints were selected but the needles were only inserted into subcutaneous area; EA was connected for 30 min without electrical stimulation. The behavior changes of mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold before model establishment, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after the model establishment as well as emotional behavior 29 days after the model establishment were observed; the relative expressions of GABA receptor mRNA in anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus were observed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank control group, the change rates of mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold in the model control group were decreased significantly 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 28 days after model establishment (0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in the amygdala was decreased significantly in the model control group (<0.01); compared with the model control group and the sham EA group, the expression of GABA receptor mRNA in amygdala was increased after intervention in the EA group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Single treatment of EA could significantly increase the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold, improve abnormal emotional behavior in rats with chronic inflammatory pain, which may be related to the increasing of expression of GABA receptor mRNA in the amygdala.

Comparison of the effect between electroacupuncture and NSAIDs on pain memory based on cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in anterior cingulate gyrus / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the direct intervention effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on pain memory, and to explore their effects on cAMP/PKA/cAMP pathway in anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC).@*METHODS@#Fifty clean healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, an indomethacin group, an EA group and a sham EA group, 10 rats in each group. Except the control group, the pain memory model was established in the remaining four groups by twice injection of carrageenan at foot; 0.1 mL of 2%λ-carrageenan was subcutaneously injected at the left foot of rats; 14 days later, when the pain threshold of rats of each group returned to the basic level, the second injection was performed with the same procedure. The rats in the EA group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 30 min; the rats in the indomethacin group was treated with indomethacin intragastric administration with the dose of 3 mg/kg; the rats in the sham EA group was treated with EA without electricity at the point 0.3 mm forward "Zusanli" (ST 36) with the depth of 2 mm for 30 min; the rats in the control group was not given any invention. All the above interventions were performed 5 h, 1 d, 2 d and 3 d after the second injection of 2% λ-carrageenan. The left-side paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) were observed before the first injection, 4 h, 3 d, 5 d after the first injection, before the second injection and 4 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d after the second injection. Three days after the second injection, the number of positive cells of cAMP, p-PKA, p-CREB and the number of positive cells of protein co-expression in the right ACC brain area were detected by immunofluorescence, and the relative protein expression of p-PKA and p-CREB were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the PWTs in the model group decreased significantly 4 h, 3 d and 5 d after the first injection and 1 d, 2 d and 3 d after the second injection (<0.05); compared with the control group, the positive expression of cAMP, p-PKA and p-CREB in the right ACC brain area in the model group increased significantly (<0.05), and the number of positive cells of the co-expression of cAMP/p-PKA and p-PKA/p-CREB also increased significantly (<0.05). Compared with the model group, indomethacin group and sham EA group, the PWTs in the EA group were increased significantly 1 d, 2 d and 3 d after the second injection (<0.05); compared with the model group, indomethacin group and sham EA group, the positive expression of p-PKA and p-CREB in the right ACC brain area in the EA group decreased significantly (<0.05), and the number of positive cells of co-expression of cAMP/p-PKA and p-PKA/p-CREB was decreased significantly (<0.05). Compared with the model group and sham EA group, the positive expression of cAMP in the right ACC brain area was decreased in the EA group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EA have a direct intervention effect on pain memory, which have significant advantage over NSAIDs in the treatment of chronic pain. The advantage effect of EA on pain memory may be related to the inhibition of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in ACC area.

Role of TGF-β1 in hepatic fibrosis induced by echinococcus multilocular infection / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) in hepatic fibrosis induced by echinococcus multilocular infection and its possible mechanisms in this process.Methods Forty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the model group（30）and the control group (15). Protoscolece suspension of echinococcus multilocular was infused through portal vein in the model group (4000/each). Mice in the control group was injected the same volume of normal saline solution. Six mice in the model group and 3 mice in the control group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after infection. The liver tissues were observed the histopathological changes by using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The fibrosis degree and glycogen synthesis function of liver tissue were observed by Sirius-red staining and Periodic acid schiff (PAS), respectively. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe obvious abnormal changes were not observed in 1 week after model setup. The diffuse distribution of multiple white spots began to appear at 2 weeks, but the amount of white plaques decreased after 8 weeks. Meanwhile, forming small lesions were not obviously observed the boundary with the surrounding normal liver tissue. Clear echinococcal vesicles were seen at week 12. H&E staining showed that hepatic tissue structure of control group was normal. In the model group, the number of lesions with worms decreased gradually and amount of granulomas were increased. The inflammatory lesions did not change significantly. Sirius-red staining demonstrated that collagen deposition in the control group was mainly around the bile duct and blood vessels. However, the deposition in the model group was mainly around the lesion and the degree of fibrosis became more serious with time. PAS staining displayed that the content of glycogen in the liver tissues of the control group was rich, evenly distributed and stained uniformly. However, the glycogen staining positive area decreased with the time of infection and the staining became lighter in the model group. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive expression of α-SMA and TGF- β1 in the control group were mainly found in the bile ducts and perivascular areas. The positive areas in the model group were mostly granulomatous areas around the metacercariae and fibroblasts. Expression of α-SMA and TGF- β1 increased over time after infection with the expression peak at 12 weeks(16.80±2.09、4.10±2.14).ConclusionThe degree of fibrosis in liver tissues at different time points was consistent with the expression trend of TGF- β1 and α-SMA. TGF-β1 may promote collagen deposition and lead to fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells.

Electroacupuncture combined with PNF on proprioception and motor function of lower limbs in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy and correlation of electroacupuncture combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on proprioception and motor function of lower limbs in stroke patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 96 stroke patients were randomized into an electroacupuncture (EA) group, a PNF group and a combination group, 32 cases in each one. In the EA group, acupuncture was applied at cephalic motor and sensory areas, Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on affected side, and electroacupuncture was adopted at Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Xuanzhong (GB 39), continuous wave and 2 Hz in frequency for 20 min, once every day. In the PNF group, PNF was performed for 20 min, once a day. In the combination group, electroacupuncture was given before PNF, once a day. 4 weeks as one course and totally 3 courses were required, the effect was followed up after half a year. Before treatment, after 4, 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the average trace error (ATE) and Time, the scores of Fugl-Meyer scale (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) were observed in the 3 groups. Correlation analysis between ATE, Time and FMA was performed.@*RESULTS@#① The total effective rate in the combination group was 90.3% (28/31), which was superior to 64.5% (20/31) in the EA group and 62.5% (20/32) in the PNF group (<0.05). ②After 4, 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the ATE and Time in the 3 groups were reduced compared with before treatment (<0.05, <0.01). After 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the ATE in the combination group were lower than the EA group and the PNF group (<0.05, <0.01). After 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the Time in the combination group were lower than the EA group and the PNF group (<0.05, <0.01). ③After 4, 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the FMA scores in the EA group and the combination group were increased compared with before treatment (<0.01). After 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the FMA scores in the PNF group were increased compared with before treatment (<0.01). After 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the FMA scores in the combination group were higher than the EA group and the PNF group (<0.05, <0.01). ④After 4, 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the MBI scores in the 3 groups were increased compared with before treatment (<0.01). After 8, 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the MBI scores in the combination group were higher than the EA group (<0.01). After 12 weeks of treatment and in follow-up, the MBI scores in the combination group were higher than the PNF group (<0.01). ⑤ The correlation coefficients of ATE, Time and FMA were from 0.4 to 0.75 (<0.05), suggesting a moderate intensity correlation.@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture, PNF and combination therapy can improve proprioception and motor function of lower limbs and activities of daily living, and combination therapy has a better effect. Proprioception and motor function have a strong correlation in the recovery of stroke patients.

Effect of Kidney nourishing decoction in the treatment of reproduce patients in serum hormone / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Kidney nourishing decoction in the treatment of reproduce patients in serum hormone .Methods 120 cases with reproduce patients from June 2014 to June 2016 in hangzhou traditional chinese medical hospital were selected,and divided into control group and experiment group, 60 cases in each group.The control group was given artificial cycle treatment, the experiment group was treated with Kidney nourishing decoction, two groups were treated for three months.Serum sex hormone and AMH content, clinical effect and pregnancy rate were compared before and after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment, levels of FSH, LH, E2 and FSH/LH in two groups decreased, AMH content increased after treatment,the thickness of endometrium and ovarian antral follicle number increased,symptom scores decreased after treatment (P <0.05);Compared with the control group, levels of FSH, LH, E2 and FSH/LH in the experiment group were lower, AMH content were higher, the thickness of endometrium and ovarian antral follicle number in the experiment group were higher,and the symptom scores were lower (P<0.05).The total effective rate of the study group was 90.00% higher than the total effective rate of the control group 73.33% (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reaction rate between the two groups, the pregnancy rate in the experiment group 30.00% was higher than the control group 11.67% ( P <0.05 ) .Conclusion Kidney nourishing decoction can reduce the sex hormone and increase the content of AMH , and increase the pregnancy rate in the treatment of reproduce patients.

Suggestions for standardized management of nomenclature and classification of neonatal diseases / 中国当代儿科杂志

Nomenclature and classification of diseases are not only related to clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also involved in the fields such as management and exchange of medical information, medical expense payments, and medical insurance payment. In order to standardize clinical physicians' diagnostic and treatment activities, medical records, and the first page of medical records, this article elaborates on the basic principles and methods for nomenclature and classification of diseases with reference to international nomenclature of diseases and international classification of diseases. Meanwhile, in view of the problems in clinical practice, this article proposes the classification of neonatal diseases, the basic procedure and writing rules in the diagnosis of neonatal diseases, and death diagnosis principles.

Advances in recombinant polypeptide mimetics of PEG / 中国药科大学学报

@#Peptide and protein biologics possess high specificity and high biological activity, but their poor stability and short plasma half-life have limited clinical application. One established strategy to increase half-life of therapeutic proteins is chemical conjugation of the biologic with PEG. Nevertheless, PEGylation technology has some drawbacks, so recombinant polypeptide mimetics of PEG have gradually developed in recent years. Pharmaceutically active protein can be fused with specific amino acid sequences using recombinant DNA technology, and then increase hydrodynamic volume or produce charge effect, which retards kidney filtration and eventually prolongs the half-life. This article mainly reviews kinds of polypeptides and the research progress in half-life extension of therapeutic proteins.

Efficacy of hyperosmotic glucose in treatment of corneal edema after cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To explore clinical efficacy of hyperosmotic glucose after cataract surgery.METHODS: Eighty eyes ( 80 cases ) with ll level and above grades corneal edema after small incision cataract operation were enrolled. They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Control group used TobraDex eye drops and other conventional treatment and the treatment group received hyperosmotic glucose(500g/L) with the bases of the control group. The regression of corneal edema was observed by slit lamp microscope. SPSS 17. 0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: The level of corneal edema at the first day after surgery, age, sexuality and nuclear hardness in the treated group were compared with those in the control group, the differences were without significances ( P>0. 05). Disappearance time of corneal edema was 4. 95 ± 3. 62d of the treatment group, and was 6. 80±3. 33d of the control group, the treatment group was better than control group (t=8. 55, P=0. 00).CONCLUSlON: Hyperosmotic glucose has exact and obvious efficacy for early corneal edema after cataract surgery.

Study on Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Taxus Chinensis var. mairei Combined Erlotnib on A549 Xenograft in Nude Mice and Its Mechanism / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (AETC) combined Erlotnib on the growth of A549 xenograft in nude mice and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The xenograft model in nude mice was established by inoculating A549 cells subcutaneously. BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 xenograft were randomly divided into six groups, i.e., the low dose Erlotinib group (A) , the standard dose Erlotnib group (B) , the low dose Erlotinib combined AETC group (C), the standard dose Erlotnib combined AETC group (D), the AETC group (E), the control group (F), 12 in each group. Different medication was performed for 7 successive weeks after 24 h. One mL blood was withdrawn and tumor tissues taken. The tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The combined effect was analyzed by Jin's Formula [Q = Ea + b/(Ea + Eb-Ea x Eb) ]. mRNA and protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in xenografts were detected using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with Group F, the xenograft weight was obviously lowered in Group B-E (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The q value was 0.92 in Group C and 0.96 in Group D, which was obtained by simple adding of the two drugs. Compared with Group F, EG- FR mRNA expression in Group D and E, COX-2 mRNA expression in Group A-E; Bcl-2 mRNA expression in Group B-D; COX-2 protein expression in Group B-E; Bcl-2 protein expression in Group C and D were obviously lowered with statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AETC combined low dose and standard dose Erlotinib had synergistic effect on tumor inhibition. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2.</p>

Primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint catgut embedment therapy: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the short-term and long-term efficacies on primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint embedment therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an embedment therapy group and a fenbid group, 35 cases in each one. In the embedment therapy group, the embedment therapy was applied twice during the menstrual cycle, one treatment 3 days before menstruation and one treatment during the 12th-14th days of menstruation, respectively. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Diji (SP 8) and Ciliao (BL 32) were the main acupoints in the treatment 3 days before menstruation. Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18) and Pishu (BL 20) were the main acupoints in the treatment during menstruation. In the fenbid group, fenbid was prescribed for oral administration, 0.3 g each time, twice a day, starting 3 days before menstruation till pain was relieved. The treatment of one menstrual cycle was one session. The continuous treatment of 3 menstrual cycles was required. The short-term and long-term efficacies were evaluated at the end of the 3rd cycle and in 3 months after the treatment terminal. The dysmenorrhea score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 were for the assessment of pain degree and life quality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group after the 3 menstrual cycles, which was better than 74.3% (26/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). In the follow-up stage, the total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group, which was better than 40.0% (14/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). (2) The differences were not significant in dysmenorrhea score and VAS score after the 1st and 2nd menstrual cycle treatments between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the dysmenorrhea score and VAS score were reduced obviously in the embedment therapy group as compared with those in the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The rebound effect occurred in the follow-up stage in the fenbid group. (3) In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the improvement in the total score of life quality of the embedment therapy group was superior apparently to the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The staging acupoint embedment therapy achieves the superior short-term and long-term efficacies as compared with the oral administration of fenbid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. As the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and pain are relieved, the life quality is improved.</p>

Controlled observation of the efficacy between floating acupuncture at Tianying point and warm-needling therapy for supraspinous ligament injury / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of supraspinous ligament injury between floating acupuncture at Tianying point and the conventional warm needling therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients were randomized into a floating acupuncture group and a warm needling group, 45 cases in each one. In the floating acupuncture group, the floating needling technique was adopted at Tianying point. In the warm needling group, the conventional warm needling therapy was applied at Tianying point as the chief point in the prescription. The treatment was given 3 times a week and 6 treatments made one session. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted for pain comparison before and after treatment of the patients in two groups and the efficacy in two groups were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The curative and remarkably effective rate was 81.8% (36/44) in the floating acupuncture group and the total effective rate was 95.5% (42/44), which were superior to 44.2% (19/43) and 79.1% (34/43) in the warm needling group separately (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). VAS score was lower as compared with that before treatment of the patients in two groups (both P < 0.01) and the score in the floating acupuncture group was lower than that in the warm needling group after treatment (P < 0.01). Thirty-six cases were cured and remarkably effective in the floating acupuncture group after treatment, in which 28 cases were cured and remarkably effective in 3 treatments, accounting for 77.8 (28/36), which was apparently higher than 26.3 (5/19) in the warm-needling group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The floating acupuncture at Tianying point achieves the quick and definite efficacy on supraspinous ligament injury and presents the apparent analgesic effect. The efficacy is superior to the conventional warm-needling therapy.</p>

Study on inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei on growth of A549 lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and its mechanism / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of aqueous extract of Taxus chinensis var. mairei (AETC) on the growth of A549 lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The A549 lung cancer xenograft model was established, and then randomly divided into the control group, and low, middle and high dose AETC experiment groups. After 24 hours, they were orally administered with normal saline and drugs of the same volume for seven weeks. The length and width of the xenografts were measured every three days, and the xenograft growth curve was drawn. The nude mice were sacrificed after the administration for seven weeks, and their xenografts were collected to cultivate the anti-tumor rate. Real-time PCR and Western-blot were adopted to detect mRNA and protein levels.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All of AETC experiment groups showed a significant anti-tumor effect (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, each experimental group showed notable reduction in EGFR and Survivin mRNA in xenograft tissues (P < 0.05), with no significant change in VEGF mRNA level. The analysis on gray value ratio showed that EGFR mRNA were down-regulated (P < 0.05) in xenograft tissues in all experimental groups, but with no statistical significance in difference, and Survivin and p-EGFR were significantly down-regulated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AETC has not significant effect on angiogenesis, but may have the inhibitory effect on xenograft growth by inhibiting Survivin protein and EGFR phosphorylation.</p>

Changes in MLS-BAEP in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage during selective moderate head cooling therapy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of selective moderate head cooling therapy on maximum length sequences brainstem auditory evoked potential (MLS-BAEP) in newborn piglets with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixteen newborn piglets aged 5-7 day old were randomly divided into three groups: normothermic control (n=4), HI (n=6) and mild hypothermia-treated (n=6). HI was induced through temporary occlusion of both carotid arteries, followed by mechanical ventilation with low concentration of oxygen (FiO2=0.06) for 30 minutes. Mild hypothermia was induced by equipment via circulating water. MLS-BAER was recorded before HI and at 12 hours, 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours, 60 hours, 72 hours, 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, 13 days and 15 days after HI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normothermic control group, all latencies and intervals tended to increase significantly at 72 hours in the HI group and reached peak values on day 7. From day 10, all latencies and intervals tended to decrease, but apart from wave I latency, still differed significantly from those of the normothermic control group. MLS-BAER variables did not reach normal values until day 15. Ⅲ latency, Ⅰ-Ⅲ interval and Ⅰ-Ⅴ interval were significantly reduced in the hypothermia-treated group between 60 and 7 days after HI compared with the HI group (P<0.05). V latency and Ⅲ-Ⅴ interval in the hypothermia-treated group were also reduced compared with the HI group between 72 hours and 7 days after HI (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both peripheral and central auditory systems are disturbed by HI, which shows as a significant increase in MLS-BAER variables (all latencies and intervals) in newborn piglets. Involvement in central brainstem auditory system reaches a peak on day 7 after injury. MLS-BAER variables still cannot reach to normal values until day 15. Selective moderate head cooling therapy can significantly reduce brainstem damage induced by HI.</p>

Application of a digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 中华消化外科杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of a digital three-dimensional reconstruction technique in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).MethodsThe computed tomography scan data for 13 patients with HAE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from February 2011 to October 2011 were reconstructed and analyzed by a three-dimensional reconstruction system to assess resectability,and to facilitate surgical planning and individualized virtual surgery.The results of preoperative analysis were compared with the results of actual operations.ResultsThe three-dimensional models of the liver were reconstructed successfully,and intrahepatie lesions and vessels were clearly displayed.One patient received an autologous liver transplantation,10 underwent hepatectomy,and 2 received percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage.Virtual operation planning was carried out for 11 patients using the three-dimensional reconstruction system.The mean volume of the liver to be resected was predicted to be 920 ml (range,339-2678 ml),and the mean percentage of liver to be resected to the total liver volume was predicted to be 45％ ( range,23％ -68％ ).The mean volume o[ the actual liver resection was 834 ml (range,315-2250 m[),and the mean percentage of actual liver resected to the total liver volume was 42％ (range,22％ -70％ ),which was consistent with the results of preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction.All patients were followed up for 2-8 months,and no severe complications such as liver failure,hemorrhage and bile leakage were detected.ConclusionDigital three-dimen-sional reconstruction is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of HAE and effectively reduces surgical risks.

Alveolar echinococcosis of the adrenal gland: brief review of two cases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Alveolar echinococcosis located in the adrenal gland can be considered a rare and aggressive infestation that radiologically and macroscopically mimics a malignant neoplasm. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood. This paper describes its clinical and radiological aspects and discusses its proper management.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The records of two patients with adrenal gland alveolar echinococcosis who were diagnosed and treated in our center in 2009 were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Neither patient showed any signs of recurrence following radical surgical treatment and postoperative oral anthelmintic therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radical surgery can be a feasible, effective management option that results in a good prospective outcome.</p>

Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined general anesthesia in controlled hypotension at different levels on the liver blood flow / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>UNLABELLED</b>OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of the liver blood flow in controlled hypotension by transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined general anesthesia, thus clarifying the mechanism of liver protection effect in acupuncture anesthesia combined with drugs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two male beagles were randomly divided into seven groups, i.e. , the general anesthesia group, the 50% control group, the 50% experiment group, the 40% control group, the 40% experiment group, the 30% control group, and the 30% experiment group, 6 in each group. Beagles in the latter six groups were administered with isoflurane inhalation and intravenous dripping of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for controlled hypotension. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) was lowered to 50%, 40%, and 30% basic MAP and lasted for 60 min. Beagles in the general anesthesia group was not treated with controlled hypotension. In the experiment groups, TEAS was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Quchi (LI11) at 2/100 Hz with the stimulation strength of 4 +/- 1 mA. The TEAS started from the stability of physiological conditions to 60 min after maintaining the target MAP. The changes of blood flow of the liver tissue surface at corresponding time points were monitored by laser Doppler blood flow meter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Between the beginning of hypotension and the maintaining stage of target low blood pressure, the liver blood flow of the 50% control group was significantly lower than the level of the general anesthesia group and the basic level at corresponding time points (P < 0.05). It was significantly reduced in the 50% experiment group only at 30-60 min of maintenance. Besides, in the early period of maintenance (10-30 min), it was significantly higher in the 50% experiment group than in the 50% control group at the same time points (P < 0.05). In this stage, there was no obvious increase in the liver blood flow in the 40% and 30% experiment groups. In the recovery phase of blood pressure (20-30 min), the liver blood flow of the 40% experiment group had been restored to the level of the 40% control group and the basic level, while it had not been restored in the general anesthesia group. In this stage, the similar changing tendency of the liver blood flow occurred in the 50% and 30% experiment groups and the 50% and 30% control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Line to a high level of controlled hypotension (50%), TEAS liver protective effect was obviously embodied in the early step-down phase and the maintenance phase. Line-induced hypotension to a lower level (40%), TEAS liver protective effect was obviously embodied in the recovery phase.</p>

Effects of angiotensin II and its receptor blockers on migration and endothelin-1 expression of rat vascular adventitial fibroblast subpopulations / 药学学报

The study is to investigate the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor blockers on migration and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression of rat vascular adventitial fibroblast subpopulations. Vascular adventitial fibroblasts were individually expanded by using cloning rings, and the effects of Ang II on the migration of adventitial fibroblast subpopulations were evaluated by Transwell. Fluorescence quantitative-PCR detected the expression of preproET-1 mRNA induced by Ang II, and its receptor antagonists losartan and PD-123319. The concentration of ET-1 was determined by ELISA. It showed that spindle shaped and epithelioid shaped cells were isolated by using cloning rings, named as spindle cells and round cells. RT-PCR showed that fibroblast subpopulations did not have leukocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, namely pure cell lines. Compared with respective control cells, two subpopulations had transferring ability. Ang II significantly improved round cells migration in a concentration-dependent manner, and had no obvious influence on spindle cells migration. Ang II (1 x 10(-8) - 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1)) significantly increased the expression of preproET-1 mRNA in round cells (P < 0.01), and had no significant effect on the expression of preproET-1 mRNA in spindle cells. Losartan blocked the expression of preproET-1 mRNA induced by Ang II in round cells, and had no significant effect on the expression of preproET-1 mRNA in spindle cells. The effects of Ang II and ET-1 receptor inhibitors on the release of ET-1 were similar to the expression of preproET-1 mRNA. The results indicate that there are two cell subpopulations: round cells and spindle cells in rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts. Ang II significantly improved cells migration, and increased the expression of ET-1 in round cell subpopulation. It suggested that there may be different migratory mechanisms in two cell subpopulations, and the two subpopulations may play a different role in vascular remodeling and reparative process.

Effects of the renal blood flow at different levels by transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined general anesthesia induced controlled hypotension / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the intervention of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on the renal blood flow at different levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in controlled hypotension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two male beagle dogs were randomly divided into seven groups, i. e., the general anesthesia group, the 50% controlled group, the 40% controlled group, the 30% controlled group, the 50% experimental group, the 40% experimental group, and the 30% experimental group, 6 in each group. Beagles in the general anesthesia group were not treated with controlled hypotension, and the target MAP was achieved in those of the rest groups and maintained for 60 min. In the experimental groups, TEAS was applied to bilateral Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Quchi (LI11) at 2/100 Hz with the stimulation strength of (4 +/- 1) mA starting from the stability of their physiological conditions to 60 min of maintaining the target MAP level. The changes of the renal blood flow were monitored at different time points using laser Doppler.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>From starting pressure control to the target MAP level, the renal blood flow was significantly lower in the 30% controlled group than in the general anesthesia group and the basic level of the same group (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious change in the 30% experimental group. In maintaining the blood pressure, the renal blood flow was significantly lower in the 50% controlled group, the 40% controlled group, the 30% controlled group, and the 30% experimental group than in the general anesthesia group (P < 0.05), while there was no obvious change in the 50% experimental group or the 40% experimental group. By the end of blood pressure recovery, the renal blood flow restored to the basic level in the 50% controlled group, the 50% experimental group, and the 40% experimental group (P > 0.05), while it was not restored to the basic level in the 40% controlled group, the 30% controlled group, and the 30% experimental group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TEAS combined general anesthesia in controlled hypotension could effectively improve the renal blood flow, thus protecting the kidney.</p>

Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with general anesthesia for controlled hypotension on heart function and oxidation resistance of myocardium / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the intervention effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint sitmulation (TEAS) on heart under limiting level of controlled hypotension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen male Beagles were randomly divided into a general anesthesia group, a control group and an experimental group, 6 dogs in each group. All animals were applied with general anesthesia, and the animals of the control group and the experimental group were administered with combination of isoflurane and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for controlled hypotension to 30% mean arterial pressure (30% MAP) of base line for 60 min. In the experimental group, TEAS (2 Hz/100 Hz, 6-8 mA) was applied to "Hegu" (LI4), "Zusanli" (ST 36), "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and "Quchi" (LI 11) from the beginning of physiological conditions stability to the end of maintained low MAP for 60 min. Creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were detected at the base line and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h after operation. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardium were observed at 72 h after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The peak of LDH arrived at 24 h after operation and then restored in 3 groups. Compared with basal level, the activity of LDH in controlled group at 72 h after operation was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and in the other two groups no obvious change (P > 0.05). The activity of CK-MB arrived to peak from 2 h to 24 h after operation, and then came back gradually in 3 groups. Compared with postoperative 72 h of the same group, the control group at 48 h significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the other two groups had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The content of MDA at 72 h after operation in controlled group was higher significantly than that in the general anesthesia group and the experimental group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TEAS combined with anesthesia for controlled hypotension can elevate myocardial effect of anti-oxide free radical, reduce the postoperative release of LDH and CK-MB, so as to produce myocardial protection.</p>